During The Last Century A Great Deal Of Legislation Was Passed To Prot

During the last century a great deal of legislation was passed to " protect women"On the on-going fight for improvement of women as employees. Improvements involved the effect of restricting their hours of work, their opportunities to engage night work, and the types of work they were legally permitted to undertake. The purpose of such provision was to provide opportunities for women, and to decrease the level of discrimination. Discrimination can occur in a number of ways e.g. in the essence of a person who is badly treated, but in regards to this assignment ower main categories will be Women who are mistreated over there gender rather than they're physical abilities. To prevent and remedy these problems the Sex Discrimination Act was set out as part of a legal package with certain objectives even though they are rather mixed. The specific aims of the package were set out a consultative document and later on in a white paper. The main purpose of such a white paper was to set and make anti-discrimination legislation necessary, however this was not adequate enough to achieve the necessary equality for men and women The papers main functions of the anti-legislation was to reduce the friction between men and women; the white paper provides, " the adverse treatment of someone on the grounds irrelevant to that person intrinsic qualities and qualification; to reduce pressures of prejudices, custom and conformity which lead to such differential treatment; to provide remedies for the victim of unfair discrimination and indirectly to change prejudiced attitudes expressed as discrimination." The Equal Opportunities Commission which (abbreviated to EOC) is the body which deals with the complaints of discrimination, but however the matter can be addressed to Industrial Tribunals for employment maters or can be referred to the civil courts, if wished by applicant. It should be pointed out at this particular stage of the assignment that this legislation is not solely for the purpose of perpetuating women's problems. Its main priority is with sex discrimination, which not only covers women but discrimination against men. It should be also noted at this stage that there are two types of discrimination, firstly that of "direct" and secondly of "indirect". Most claims of indirect unlawful discrimination involves an allegation of that the aggrieved person has been refused a job, or not been promoted, or dismissed because of their race or gender. Direct discrimination occurs where a woman is treated less favourably then a man on grounds of her sex, this was seen in the case of Birmingham City Council v Equal Opportunities Commission 1989. In this case selective single sex education was provided in grammar school for about 5% of Birmingham children ? such selections were based on examination results. However there were more spaces available for boys than girls and girls also required a higher pass rate than that of the boys. The EOC succeeded in the contention that this constituted unlawful discrimination. Many key sex discrimination cases have arisen where national courts have referred the matter to the European Court of Justice Art 177 of the EC treatyFor clarification of EC law. Such cases, from whichever member of they state they originate, become precedent, which all-English courts are bound by to apply. The second way the in which EC law develops is through the procedure under Art 169, this Article enables the European Commission to bring a Member State before the European Court alleging failure to comply with the treaty obligation. There are a number of cases which the United Kingdom has been found wanting under this provision. The most important one under the sex equality area is that of Commission of the European Communities v United Kingdom which held that the existing British equal pay law failed to comply with Art 119 and the Equal Pay Directive had no provision for a women to allege that her work was of equal value to that of a man. A finding of the breach under this procedure does not automatically change domestic law, but both the political pressures and the likelihood of such a claim based on Francovich and others v Italian State Cases 1992, are likely to bring about such changes. In this instance the law was changed by the Equal Pay Amendments Regulation 1983. One of the main consequences of the history and

Paper Editing Tips

Paper Editing Tips Paper Editing Tips You may argue that you do not need editing of your essay. You may think that everything is clear and paper editing is a waste of your time. So, let's clarify the true reasons for editing. Is paper editing really important? Is it really worth to waste your precious time for paper editing? The trouble with writing English essays is that you do not pay attention to many errors because you do not notice them. However, your teacher will definitely notice these errors. There is only one solution: devote enough time to paper editing. In practice, you will find that you fail to express your ideas clearly. You should not expect your teacher understand your point of view if your writing style is not understandable. Unless you let someone else read your essay to see if it makes sense, you are likely to hand it in when you are far too close to your own writing to judge its impact. Paper Editing Help The best way to check whether essay introduction and conclusion are efficient is to read only the first and last paragraphs of your paper. If these two passages mention all central questions and methodological steps as well as provide a summary of the major results, then they fulfill their functions. In other words, these two sections of your paper are a nutshell of the content, methodology, and results. If you are not confident in your editing skills, the editing skills of your friends or relatives, you may take advantage of the professional paper editing:http://.com/blog/paper-editing-help Essay Editing Tips Check the use of 'we', 'you' and 'I'. There is no such thing as an A4 paragraph length. provides students of all academic levels with professional paper editing services. Our educated editors are able to assist you with paper polishing. We will improve your paper in terms of style, grammar, and content. Professional paper editing is a solution to your academic problems. Moreover, paper editing is free if you are a returning client. In addition, we provide free outline, free table of contents, and free reference list. Do not hesitate to place an order for paper editing and you will not regret spending money on professional assistance! Read also: Informative and Surprising Essay Good Essay Topics Essay Writing Example Conclusion Writing College Essay

Talent Management Issues Relevant to the Field of IHRM Assignment

Talent Management Issues Relevant to the Field of IHRM - Assignment Example Therefore, the management must take measures to retain the asset through effective talent management. In this respect, organizations need to prepare their potential employees for the leadership position by exposing them to different business cultures and challenges. The objective of the study is to critically review the article written by Collings & Mellahi (2009) with the title â€Å"Strategic talent management: A review and research agenda†. The study also aims to identify issues related to talent management in relation to the context of International Human Resource Management (IHRM) with reference to the findings from the above-mentioned article. According to Collings and Mellahi (2009), talent management plays a vital role to drive the performance of the organization both at the group level and the individual level1. Talent is directly related to human assets. Performance of the employees contributes towards the accomplishments of the long-term goals and short-term objectives2. Talent management is the procedure to attract productive employees, to identify the right potential possessed by the workforce, to grease their potentials for better results and to take measures for retaining the assets over the long run3. However, organization s should understand that only attracting the employees would not suffice the sustainability and productivity goals; identifying the strengths and then grooming them accordingly is also important4. Talent management methodologies help in analyzing the performance of the employees. As stated by Collings and Mellahi (2009), in the recessionary context maximization of the talent present in the existing employees holds important priority among global organizations.  

The Battle of the Imjin River Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Battle of the Imjin River - Essay Example The Chinese troops managed to cross the river and by the next day afternoon, while the first wave of attacks were assumed to have been completed, however, by the evening the Glosters were attacked (The Battle of Imjin River, n.d.). The above details reflect on the first wave of attacks that occurred in the battle of the Imjin River. In the present study, the focus has been placed on the battle and its associated knowledge. The Battle of the Imjin River: Considering the troops in the battle, the Chinese troops were led by The-huai Peng who was the General Commander of the group. They had a lack of experienced and well-trained troops. However circumstances had forced the General to lead the troops and the battle that was fought was a hard one. This was more because the UN troops in contrary to the Chinese men were more experienced, even though less in number. They had well trained and well equipped having F-86 Sabres and MiG 15s at loading bay, and thus were more effective against the Chinese troops. Moreover the pilots of the UN troops were veterans from the Second World War, while on the other hand, the Chinese pilots were too inexperienced (Paul & Spirit, 2008). The Battle of the Imjin River had initiated during the Korean War. ... They intended to separate a major part of I Corps that would be entrapped back with the sea. Peng had focused on the fact that speed was essential in their movement and his plans intended his groups to reach Seoul within 36 hours once they had crossed the starting lines. However these plans had to fall in front of the UN troop which was the 29th brigade of the British and lied directly across the path of the 63rd Army as planned by the Chinese (Paul & Spirit, 2008). The 29th brigade of the British constituted the 1st Battalions from the Royal Northumberland Fusiliers, the Gloucestershire Regiment, and the Royal Ulster Rifles. Along with these, a small battalion from Belgium was joined that moved under the command of Brigadier Tom Brodie. 25-pounder guns of 45 Field Regiment were in support of the troop accompanied by Royal Artillery, and 4.2 inch mortars of 170 Mortar Battery, Royal Artillery. The Centurion Tanks of the 8th King’s Royal Irish Hussars were associated with the t roops of the brigade battalion. The Brigade had the responsibility of covering around 15 kilometre section of the front line (Paul & Spirit, 2008). The Glosters were separated from the Fusiliers by a 3 kilometre gap. The Castle Hill (Point 148), Point 182, and Point 144 were all held by the Glosters where all of these points had some considerable distances between them. 773 men were involved in the front line sections of the Glosters that included the reserves and the men of the Royal Artillery too. Lieutenant Colonel James Carne DSO was in charge of the Glosters. He was a fighter in the earlier campaigns of the Korean War that had been in place during that time. The initial contact between the two parties had

Journals Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Journals - Assignment Example and Mrs Conroy. Mrs. Conroy is primarily a woman of fashion and it seems that her husband does not have control over what her quest to dress fancifully will demand. Gretta talks of putting on galoshes while at the same time revealing her next shopping plans as including a diving outfit. This clearly means that Mrs Conroy is domineering in their marriage as she makes the plans over what ought to be bought within their family even before consulting her husband. Her hersband, in a quick response, laughs nervously indicating his obligation to her demands. He shows this weakness in front of his sisters who apparently are astonished at the sense of fashion and shopping spree that their brother’s wife has. Another picture that comes out clear in the marriage between Gretta and Gabriel is that theirs is a marriage of contemporary lifestyle. From the conversation, Aunt Kate is completely unknowledgeable about what the supposed ‘galoshes’ that Mrs. Conroy describes and can only associate them with Christy Minstrels.. In her entire life, she had never come across such like attire leave alone the fact that she could not determine their uses. Aunt Julia on the other hand, fully understands the uses of galoshes but what worries her is the complex lifestyle that her brother’s wife has adopted. ... Her beauty too is beyond description although she had spotted face and brown eyes. Her seductive nature wins her the heart of Gabriel where she successfully convinces him to take a walk together. Perhaps one of the most influential aspects in Miss Ivors’ life that strengthens the bond between her and Mr. Conroy is her vast knowledge of literature of which Mr. Conroy is a practitioner. Although she does not study or practice literature and poetry, her knowledge of certain literary and poetic aspects for example the university question that she learned through a friend surprised Gabriel and makes him more relaxed in the company of Miss Ivors. Additionally, her affectionate and conversational nature creates a strong bond between her and Gabriel whereby they spend long hours conversing while at some instances holding hands. This comes out when Gabriel thinks that Miss Ivors is attempting to demean him by criticizing him, a matter that leads to his perplextion. But to his ultimate surprise, he discoveres that Miss Ivors was only cracking a joke by her previous comments. Miss Ivors on the other hand, understands when Gabriel is perplexed and uses her seductive and persuasive skills to bring back his attention to the focus of their conversation. Although she had previously expressed her dissatisfaction at Gabriel’s previous writing, she notices anxiety in his face and immediately retreats. She perfectly does this on some instances by placing her warm and soft hands on the arms of Mr. Conroy. It appears from this that although she is not married, she clearly understands the temperaments of men, and her knowledge helps her in maintaining a lively and warm conversation with Gabriel who in the end confesses to have enjoyed

Advantages and Limitations of Neural Networks

Advantages and Limitations of Neural Networks There are many advantages and limitations to neural network analysis and to discuss this subject properly we would have to look at each individual type of network, which isnt necessary for this general discussion. In reference to backpropagational networks however, there are some specific issues potential users should be aware of. Backpropagational neural networks (and many other types of networks) are in a sense the ultimate black boxes. Apart from defining the general archetecture of a network and perhaps initially seeding it with a random numbers, the user has no other role than to feed it input and watch it train and await the output. In fact, it has been said that with backpropagation, you almost dont know what youre doing. Some software freely available software packages (NevProp, bp, Mactivation) do allow the user to sample the networks progress at regular time intervals, but the learning itself progresses on its own. The final product of this activity is a trained network that provides no equations or coefficients defining a relationship (as in regression) beyond its own internal mathematics. The network IS the final equation of the relationship. Backpropagational networks also tend to be slower to train than other types of networks and sometimes require thousands of epochs. If run on a truly parallel computer system this issue is not really a problem, but if the BPNN is being simulated on a standard serial machine (i.e. a single SPARC, Mac or PC) training can take some time. This is because the machines CPU must compute the function of each node and connection separately, which can be problematic in very large networks with a large amount of data. However, the speed of most current machines is such that this is typically not much of an issue. The advantage of neural networks over conventional programming lies on their ability to solve problems that do not have an algorithmic solution or the available solution is too complex to be found. Neural networks are well suited to tackle problems that people are good at solving, like prediction and pattern recognition (Keller). Neural networks have been applied within the medical domain for clinical diagnosis (Baxt:95), image analysis and interpretation (Miller:92, Miller:93), signal analysis and interpretation, and drug development (Weinstein:92). The classification of the applications presented below is simplified, since most of the examples lie in more than one category (e.g. diagnosis and image interpretation; diagnosis and signal interpretation). Depending on the nature of the application and the strength of the internal data patterns you can generally expect a network to train quite well. This applies to problems where the relationships may be quite dynamic or non-linear. ANN s provide an analytical alternative to conventional techniques which are often limited by strict assumptions of normality, linearity, variable independence etc. Because an ANN can capture many kinds of relationships it allows the user to quickly and relatively easily model phenomena which otherwise may have been very difficult or imposible to explain otherwise. Future Enhancements Because gazing into the future is somewhat like gazing into a crystal ball, so it is better to quote some predictions. Each prediction rests on some sort of evidence or established trend which, with extrapolation, clearly takes us into a new realm. Prediction 1: Neural Networks will fascinate user-specific systems for education, information processing, and entertainment. Alternative ralities, produced by comprehensive environments, are attractive in terms of their potential for systems control, education, and entertainment. This is not just a far-out research trend, but is something which is becoming an increasing part of our daily existence, as witnessed by the growing interest in comprehensive entertainment centers in each home. This programming would require feedback from the user in order to be effective but simple and passive sensors (e.g fingertip sensors, gloves, or wristbands to sense pulse, blood pressure, skin ionisation, and so on), could provide effective feedback into a neural control system. This could be achieved, for example, with sensors that would detect pulse, blood pressure, skin ionisation, and other variables which the system could learn to correlate with a persons response state. Prediction 2: Neural networks, integrated with other artificial intelligence technologies, methods for direct culture of nervous tissue, and other exotic technologies such as genetic engineering, will allow us to develop radical and exotic life-forms whether man, machine, or hybrid. Prediction 3: Neural networks will allow us to explore new realms of human capability realms previously available only with extensive training and personal discipline. So a specific state of consciously induced neurophysiologically observable awareness is necessary in order to facilitate a man machine system interface. Recommendations The major issues of concern today are the scalability problem, testing, verification, and integration of neural network systems into the modern environment. Neural network programs sometimes become unstable when applied to larger problems. The defence, nuclear and space industries are concerned about the issue of testing and verification. The mathematical theories used to guarantee the performance of an applied neural network are still under development. The solution for the time being may be to train and test these intelligent systems much as we do for humans. Also there are some more practical problems like: the operational problem encountered when attempting to simulate the parallelism of neural networks. Since the majority of neural networks are simulated on sequential machines, giving rise to a very rapid increase in processing time requirements as size of the problem expands. Solution: implement neural networks directly in hardware, but these need a lot of development still. ÂÂ ¢ instability to explain any results that they obtain. Networks function as black boxes whose rules of operation are completely unknown. There are many advantages and limitations to neural network analysis and to discuss this subject properly we would have to look at each individual type of network, which isnt necessary for this general discussion. In reference to backpropagational networks however, there are some specific issues potential users should be aware of. ÂÂ ¢ Backpropagational neural networks (and many other types of networks) are in a sense the ultimate black boxes. Apart from defining the general archetecture of a network and perhaps initially seeding it with a random numbers, the user has no other role than to feed it input and watch it train and await the output. In fact, it has been said that with backpropagation, you almost dont know what youre doing. Some software freely available software packages (NevProp, bp, Mactivation) do allow the user to sample the networks progress at regular time intervals, but the learning itself progresses on its own. The final product of this activity is a trained network that provides no equations or coefficients defining a relationship (as in regression) beyond its own internal mathematics. The network IS the final equation of the relationship. ÂÂ ¢ Backpropagational networks also tend to be slower to train than other types of networks and sometimes require thousands of epochs. If run on a truly parallel computer system this issue is not really a problem, but if the BPNN is being simulated on a standard serial machine (i.e. a single SPARC, Mac or PC) training can take some time. This is because the machines CPU must compute the function of each node and connection separately, which can be problematic in very large networks with a large amount of data. However, the speed of most current machines is such that this is typically not much of an issue. Conclusion In this paper, we have presented a system for recognizing handwritten English characters. An experimental result shows that backpropagation network yields good recognition accuracy of 85%. We have demonstrated the application of MLP network to the handwritten character recognition problem. The skeletonized and normalized binary pixels of these characters were used as the inputs of the MLP network. In our further research work, we would like to improve the recognition accuracy of network for character recognition by using more training samples written by one person and by using a good feature extraction system. The training time may be reduced by using a good feature extraction technique and instead of using global input, we may use the feature input along with other neural network classifier. The computing world has a lot to gain from neural networks. Their ability to learn by example makes them very flexible and powerful. Furthermore there is no need to devise an algorithm in order to perform a specific task; i.e. there is no need to understand the internal mechanisms of that task. They are also very well suited for real time systems because of their fast response and computational times which are due to their parallel architecture. Neural networks also contribute to other areas of research such as neurology and psychology. They are regularly used to model parts of living organisms and to investigate the internal mechanisms of the brain. Perhaps the most exciting aspect of neural networks is the possibility that some day conscious networks might be produced. There are a number of scientists arguing that consciousness is a mechanical property and that conscious neural networks are a realistic possibility. Finally, I would like to state that even though neural networks have a huge potential we will only get the best of them when they are integrated with computing, AI, fuzzy logic and related subjects

Affirmative Action :: essays research papers

Affirmative Action Affirmative action is a plan made to end discrimination by guaranteeing minorities will be hired. The United States uses this practice to hire, but the qualifications of such people are occasionally overlooked. Many people believe that affirmative action is a very effective plan. The other people who oppose such action include people of various minorities, as well as many others who have been wronged by the plan. We live in a small town where there are very few minorities but in the big cities, it’s a very big deal. In several cases, this plan causes minorities to be thought of as being under qualified when hired and it also causes a new minority, the white male. Our government needs to acknowledge the fact that affirmative action is not putting an end to discrimination. This plan has succeeded in creating new minorities and more reasons for discrimination. Affirmative action frequently causes qualified employees to be looked down upon because some believe them to be "affirmative action hires." My boss at work is a woman and as a result I have encountered many discriminatory comments pertaining to her position. The first remark I usually receive suggestions that she was hired for her position solely based on gender. You might have also encountered a negative remark about a woman in your family such as: "Well, being a woman probably didn't hurt her resume." My boss is very good at her manager job yet most males look down upon her as being hired because of affirmative action. This type of criticism is received by many minorities holding good jobs, whether they are qualified or not. William Reynolds, assistant attorney general in the civil rights division states, â€Å"In many cases, affirmative action takes away from legitimate minority success. People look at the black banker downtown who has made it on his own and s ay, ‘He got his job because of affirmative action.’† People of any race or gender should be able to hold a job where their colleagues respect them as their peers, not as "affirmative-action hires". It seems that minorities are accepted to a certain extent, until they become someone's boss or superior. Affirmative action insists that the employer must avoid the kind of unnecessary escalation of criteria for selection and promotion which has sometimes been used to keep certain classes of people from entering the mainstream of our economic life. Affirmative Action :: essays research papers Affirmative Action Affirmative action is a plan made to end discrimination by guaranteeing minorities will be hired. The United States uses this practice to hire, but the qualifications of such people are occasionally overlooked. Many people believe that affirmative action is a very effective plan. The other people who oppose such action include people of various minorities, as well as many others who have been wronged by the plan. We live in a small town where there are very few minorities but in the big cities, it’s a very big deal. In several cases, this plan causes minorities to be thought of as being under qualified when hired and it also causes a new minority, the white male. Our government needs to acknowledge the fact that affirmative action is not putting an end to discrimination. This plan has succeeded in creating new minorities and more reasons for discrimination. Affirmative action frequently causes qualified employees to be looked down upon because some believe them to be "affirmative action hires." My boss at work is a woman and as a result I have encountered many discriminatory comments pertaining to her position. The first remark I usually receive suggestions that she was hired for her position solely based on gender. You might have also encountered a negative remark about a woman in your family such as: "Well, being a woman probably didn't hurt her resume." My boss is very good at her manager job yet most males look down upon her as being hired because of affirmative action. This type of criticism is received by many minorities holding good jobs, whether they are qualified or not. William Reynolds, assistant attorney general in the civil rights division states, â€Å"In many cases, affirmative action takes away from legitimate minority success. People look at the black banker downtown who has made it on his own and s ay, ‘He got his job because of affirmative action.’† People of any race or gender should be able to hold a job where their colleagues respect them as their peers, not as "affirmative-action hires". It seems that minorities are accepted to a certain extent, until they become someone's boss or superior. Affirmative action insists that the employer must avoid the kind of unnecessary escalation of criteria for selection and promotion which has sometimes been used to keep certain classes of people from entering the mainstream of our economic life.

Judeo Christian Veiws on God

Explain how the Judeo Christian tradition shows the goodness of God The ‘goodness’ of God, as a concept, refers to the holiness and care that god himself initiates on his people, however the Judeo-Christian tradition hold that gods attributes cannot be a ‘concept’ as god is personal, and treats all living beings as individuals.The biblical god, a completely different god than that of Plato or any philosopher, who can be seen as a ‘concept’ can be referred and described to as ‘good’ throughout scriptures through acts of kindness and his characteristics of denying those who are evil for the better of mankind; ‘You have rejected me, says the lord, your are going backward so I have stretched out my hand against you and destroyed you’ (Jeremiah 15. 6). According to this Judeo-Christian tradition gods goodness cannot have attributes of evil and portray his acts of being hard done by as help to those who need it.However this a nger is not subjected to those who have done nothing wrong, but to those who are unjust and mistreat those of equality to them. The simple understanding of gods goodness is to look at what he does, he is beneficial to his creatures and doesn’t act for his own profit, but for those on earth to create a helpful father as he wishes to be conceived; ‘I myself, said, how gladly I treat you like sons, and give you a desirable land, the most insurance of any nation.I thought you would call me father and not turn away from me’ (Jeremiah 3. 19-20). God also promises Abraham that he would be the father to the Israelites, a great nation. The goodness which is a strong participant of gods role in the bible, along with the ten commandments ‘do not commit adultery, do no steal’ and so forth, conduct a role in which those who follow the doings of god will also take on. This also helps the follower of god to feel innate and closer to god as they respond and follow h is rules with obedience.Gods acts on individual people whilst helping them, is simply for their faith to be held with him, and they believe whatever god puts forth for them to do, they shall do it as god is good, and wouldn’t want to cause intentional hurt without reason. (quote 1). God can further can be seen as having personal feelings, as he is seen to be hurt and becomes angry when people disobey his orders and when people fail to respond to his commands, for example committing adultery would be a sin against god; ‘Instead, as a faithless wife leaves her husband, so you have been faithless to me, Oh house of Israel, says the lord’ (Jeremiah 3:19 19-20).God also shows love and compassion, another two attributes to gods goodness, as he bore a son to Hannah as she prayed to him to ‘look on the misery of your servant and remember me†¦.. give to your servant a male child’ (Jeremiah 3:19-20) Although his anger and the justice he serves on those wh o disobey him are sometimes seen as mean, they are attributes to his personality as a god and believers see this as him being fair and just.He does these as comeuppance to supposed faithful ones to take advantage of his goodness, and is still seen as perfect; ‘He is the rock, his works are perfect and all his ways are just. A faithful god who does no wrong, upright and just is he. They have acted corruptly towards him, to their shame they are no longer his children but a warped and crocked generation’. (Deuteronomy 32. 4-5)       It is essential therefore, for people to respond to god’s demands with faith and obedience as god is the only one who understands and defines goodness, humans cannot understand this concept as we are tempted by evil.Having faith in god when you are poor and with nothing may be hard, but as Abraham sets example and continues believing in god, others should follow and having faith may lead them to a better fortune and not give up on ho pe. The goodness of god in the bible is represented through situations and stories told for centuries, they show his many attributes that fold into the one personality of god, to be and always be infinitely good.

De La Perouse essays

De La Perouse essays In 1786, a French explorer, Jean-Francois de La Perouse, and his expedition landed in Monterey, California to witness the mission system at work. It had been over fifteen years since the Franciscan Monks first established their mission in Monterey, but they lacked the economic success needed to for the mission to flourish. However, in the essence of the Enlightenment; he determines that, in the otherwise economically retarded land, California has the potential to become a successful settlement. The fertile land paired with the abundance of plants and animals seems to be a perfect combination for economic success; however, Californias economics failed to reap the rewards of this rich land. One reason behind this is the missionaries immense dedication to Christianization. La Perouse declares that the piety of the Spaniards has hitherto maintained these missions and presidios at a great expense, with the sole view of converting and civilizing the Indians (63). This dedication blinded them from the wealth that surrounded them. Had they not been preoccupied, they may have realized that the China trade could furnish a demand for thirty thousand [sea otter] skins, two or three settlements to the north of San Francisco would soon procure them for the commerce of his nation (100). With the Manila Galleon frequenting the coast and the number of Indian workers, the settlers and missionaries of California could have utilized this opportunity to begin a promising trade with China. Trade, and, thus, economics, may have grown if the settlers took advantage of trade with China. However, the missionaries have hitherto been more attentive to their heavenly than their earthly concerns, and have greatly neglected the introduction of the most common arts (87). The settlers had the opportunity utilize arts in the trade market with China, but failed to see yet another po ...

Questions Labor Relations Essay Example

Questions Labor Relations Essay Example Questions Labor Relations Paper Questions Labor Relations Paper However, it is not absolutely necessary for teachers to be unionized to ensure that they have their labor protection and financial needs met. Emerson) When unions completely vanish, Americans lose their right to bargain collectively for their pay and benefits. Even those who have never bargained collectively will feel some loss. Union workers usually maintain a 20% wage advantage over nonunion workers. From 1979 through 2006 the union density collapsed and real wages for managerial employees rose by 4%, whereas before the collapse during its peak, real wages rose by 75%. Workplace dissatisfaction does not occur as much as alienation. Union members tend to segregate themselves from nonunion members. This operation seems to OCCUr to allow union members to protect themselves and their union rights; where they find strength in their one-for-all and all- for-one stance. 2. List and discuss some of the advantages and disadvantages in using seniority as a factor to determine shift preference or overtime assignments. Personnel based off of seniority allows for one to look at the longevity of the worker and their knowledge of how the system works. If an employee has been with a corporation/industry for several years, they know the ropes of not only their job potentially, but the job of their manager and other nifty title tricks that can be useful when promoting or moving an employee up the ranks. A new employee, though they are vigorous and very hard working in their duties, need to be established and have already been invested in with training with their current job. To fill the job once again after recently employing the current positions is expensive for HER. Since seniority based personnel has more knowledge of the company and a greater long-term investment, it is more likely when there is an economic downturn to layoff new workers rather than those that have been with a company over an extended period of time. This is an advantage when factoring the determination of shift preference or overtime assignments since there is loyalty from the employee and it would be best to satisfy those that managers feel that they can count on. Small Business) The downside of using seniority of the workplace to determine shift/overtime scheduling is that some workers that are unionized tend to be less proactive on assignments and may take twice the time to finish a project than a younger individual who has a better work ethic. On a personal note, I am fairly new at my current job. I have been here for only 5 weeks, whereas some employees have been working at the retail outlet for 3-5 months. Have been promoted more quickly through the ranks due to my work ethic and now am an assistant manager for the outlet store. Because of my bill ¶y to work hard, can request time off or particular schedule changes when needed for medical appointments or as I am tying to schedule my wedding. Also, anyone beneath the ranks of assistant manager are not allowed to work over 39 hours, whereas managers are eligible for overtime work compensation pay. 3. Identify two different steps a company should take to prepare for its first round of bargaining with the union pre-negotiation activities. Explain why each of the steps you have identified is critical to achieving an initial successful collective bargaining agreement with the union. Both parties should bargain in good faith in the collective bargaining process; meaning that there is a mutual obligation and understanding that both parties must participate actively to come to an agreement. It is important determine the category of bargaining: mandatory, permissive, or illegal. Mandatory category includes wages, health safety, management risk, work conditions, and benefits; permissive category is non- required requests but are brought up during the bargaining process; illegal category is topics that are obviously not allowed to be discussed. Aids) After both parties are prepared to present their side of the bargain, negotiation teams are set up and consist of individuals with the knowledge of the organization and must have the skills to be an effective negotiator. The most important part of the preparation step is the understanding in both parties of he working conditions and the dissatisfaction with of working conditions. The management teams should also prepare and anticipate union demands to better prepare for compromises. Aids) After both sides have prepared and set up a time, the novo parties present their proposals to each other. In this step, it will likely involved an opening statement and options on how to resolve the current issues that will be presented. The most important part of this step is to approach the proposal with a lets make it work attitude. After the initial discussion, each party goes back to the drawing board to determine which request can and cant be honored. (Aids) 4. Identify and explain the major ways in which the government is an important participant in the labor relations.

Individual Report - Fast Food Case Context Essay

Individual Report - Fast Food Case Context - Essay Example The company has planned to expand its business operations, as well as initiated plans in entering the business market of China. Therefore, the company is concerned with minimising its exposure to different sorts of risks, such as political, as well as economic risks among others, that are associated with the expansion of business activities in international market. (citation) This discussion will stress on the analysing of certain significant aspects that would be conducted by the company in order to ascertain, as well as to acquire valuable information. This information are required to be evaluated with the objective of determining valuable decisions that are required to be initiated for performing business operations of the fast food company in an appropriate manner. Moreover, the company is required to utilise varied strategic tools which include SWOT analysis, Porters five forces model as well as Hofstede five dimensional models among others for determining the suitability of the decisions for entering into the business market of China. ... It also enabled effective flow of investments in the international market due to enhanced deregulation as well as communication among dissimilar countries (European Commission, 2004). The fast food company in the UK is required to adopt globalisation procedure with the motive of expanding its business operations as well as sustain enhanced growth in the international business market. The company needs to perform business operations as a fast food company in the business market of China by providing quality products as well as complying with the requirements or the preferences of the customers particularly of China. All these major initiatives would certainly assist the company in acquiring better customer as well as brand loyalty especially in the market segment of China. For instance, McDonald’s has adopted the globalisation process in order to expand its business operations worldwide (Mujtaba & Patel, 2007). The different strategic tools that will assist the fast food compan y in determining the market conditions of China as well as in formulating helpful strategies for performing effectively in the business market of China have been framed hereunder. (citation) SWOT Analysis The company is required to perform a SWOT analysis before entering into the business market of China in order to determine its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities as well as threats (Ferrell & Hartine, 2010). Strengths One of the major strengths of the company is that it possesses several fast-food restaurants in the UK as well as in other nations that ultimately raises its profitability at large. The other strength of the company is that the management team of the company is quite expert as well as skilful that

Misconception about Theories and Laws (Nature of Science) Essay

Misconception about Theories and Laws (Nature of Science) - Essay Example The lack of absolute truth in science validates the existence of laws. Laws in science refer to systematically generalized observation. From such observations, scientists make particular patterns thus developing a law on the behavior and manifestation of the observations (Hanzel 121). Scientific laws have no exceptions; such is a vital feature that proves scientific laws. The law of gravity is one of the most phenomenal scientific laws. In making the law, Isaac Newton observed the behavior of falling objects. He observes that objects must always fall and that their speed intensifies as they near the ground. His theory can only predict that objects must always fall to the ground. However, the theory does not explain why they fall. Scientific theories on the other hand are summaries of existing and tested hypothesis. Scientific theories rely on the quality of the supporting tests that prove their factuality. This implies that a scientific theory survive only for as long as there is no any other evidence to disprove them. With effective supporting evidence, a theory explains a phenomenon. Such is a major difference between a theory and a law. Scientific laws predict phenomenon while theories explain the phenomenon. The two are therefore interrelated but each exists and functions independently with its own set of supporting evidence. Among the most common scientific theories is the big bang theory (Gregersen 66). The theory explains the origin of the earth by explaining that the universe formed 14million years ago following an event of gigantic expansion. Numerous scientists have researched the theory and found substantial evidence to prove its factuality. In 1965 for example, Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson disc overed radiations arising from cosmic microwave they believe arose from the expansion process. In retrospect, theories and laws are distinct bodies of knowledge in science. The two have systematic evidence to prove their existence. As explained earlier,